Chemical constituents of many medicinal plants

 1. **Swertia Chirayita (Chiraito):** Chiratin, amarogentin, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, xanthones, and other bitter principles.

2. **Xanthoxylum armatum (Timur):** Essential oils (mainly limonene, linalool, and others), alkaloids (such as nitidine), flavonoids, and coumarins.

3. **Asparagus roce mosus (Kurilo):** Saponins (shatavarin), steroidal glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils.

4. **Valeriana Jatamansi (Sugan dhawal):** Valeranone, valeranal, valerenic acid, lignans, and sesquiterpenes.

5. **Neopicrorhiza (Kutki):** Iridoid glycosides (including kutkoside), picrosides, andrographolide, and other bitter principles.

6. **Nardostachys Grandiflora (Jatamasi):** Valeranone, jatamansone, jatamansinol, calarenol, and other sesquiterpenoids.

7. **Cordyceps/Ophiocordyceps Sinensis (Yarshagumba):** Cordycepin, adenosine, polysaccharides, and various amino acids.

8. **Dactylorhiza Hatagirea (Panchaule):** Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals.

9. **Dendrobium sp. (Sunakhari):** Alkaloids, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals.

10. **Morchella Species (Guchi chyau):** Morchellin, hydrazine, and other compounds.

11. **Sinopodophyllum Hexandrum (Laghupatra):** Podophyllotoxin, alpha-peltatin, beta-peltatin, and other lignans.

12. **Hippophae Salicifolia (Dale chuk, vuichuk):** Carotenoids (such as beta-carotene), flavonoids, essential fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6), and vitamins (vitamin C and E).

13. **Urtica Dioca (Sisnoo):** Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals.

14. **Azadirachta indica (Neem):** Azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbidin, quercetin, and other bioactive compounds.

15. **Taxus Wallichiana (Lauth salla):** Taxanes (taxol, baccatin), flavonoids, and other phytochemicals.

16. **Paris polyphylla (Satuwa):** Steroidal saponins, triterpenoids, and other constituents.

17. **Rheum australe (Padam chal):** Anthraquinones (rhein, emodin), tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds.

18. **Sapindus Mukorossi (Ritha):** Saponins (saponin A, B), flavonoids, and triterpenoids.

19. **Piper Longum (Pipla):** Piperine, piperlonguminine, pellitorine, and other alkaloids.

20. **Phyllanthus Emblica (Amala):** Vitamin C, tannins, flavonoids, and gallic acid.

1. **Nardostachys Grandiflora (Jatamasi):** Valeranone, jatamansone, jatamansinol, calarenol, and other sesquiterpenoids.

2. **Cordyceps/Ophiocordyceps Sinensis (Yarshagumba):** Cordycepin, adenosine, polysaccharides, and various amino acids.

3. **Dactylorhiza Hatagirea (Panchaule):** Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals.

4. **Dendrobium sp. (Sunakhari):** Alkaloids, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals.

5. **Morchella Species (Guchi chyau):** Morchellin, hydrazine, and other compounds.

6. **Sinopodophyllum Hexandrum (Laghupatra):** Podophyllotoxin, alpha-peltatin, beta-peltatin, and other lignans.

7. **Hippophae Salicifolia (Dale chuk, vuichuk):** Carotenoids (such as beta-carotene), flavonoids, essential fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6), and vitamins (vitamin C and E).

8. **Urtica Dioca (Sisnoo):** Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals.

These chemical constituents play a significant role in the medicinal and therapeutic properties of these plants. They are responsible for various biological activities and health benefits associated with the use of these plants in traditional and modern medicine.

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