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 New to Rules of Biology? These are the posts worth reading first, grouped by what you are studying.

If you only read four things

• Research Methodology: Quick Review for B.Sc. Third Year
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/06/research-methodology-rm-quick-review-to.html
• The Survivorship Curve Guide: Easy Steps to Remember
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2025/08/the-survivorship-curve-guide-easy-steps.html
• Uses of Medicinal Plants
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/uses-of-medicinal-plants.html
• Life Cycle of Malaria Explained
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2025/08/the-invisible-heist-malarias.html

For Grade 11 and 12

• How to Prune Basil So It Keeps Growing All Summer
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2025/08/how-to-prune-basil-so-it-keeps-growing.html
• 5 Major Differences Between Homeostasis and Hemostasis
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/08/5-major-differences-between-homeostasis.html
• The Groundbreaking Frederick Griffith Experiment
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/05/the-groundbreaking-frederick-griffith.html
• The Enigmatic Polytene: Giant Chromosomes
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/04/the-enigmatic-polytene-exploring.html

For B.Sc. — Research Methods

• Research Methodology: Quick Review to Get Pass Marks
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/06/research-methodology-rm-quick-review-to.html
• Research Methods
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/research-methods.html
• Research Design
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/research-design.html

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

• Uses of Medicinal Plants
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/uses-of-medicinal-plants.html
• Medicinal Plants Notes for B.Sc. Third Year
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/medicinal-plants-notes-easy-for-bsc.html
• Chemical Constituents of Medicinal Plants
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/chemical-constituents-of-many-medicinal.html
• Chiraita (Swertia chirata)
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/05/chiraita.html
• Dendrobium
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/dendrobium.html
• Cordyceps sinensis
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/cordyceps-sinensis.html
• Valeriana jatamansii
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/valeriana-jatamansii.html
• Nardostachys grandiflora
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/nardostachys-grandiflora.html
• Rheum australe
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/rheum-australe.html
• Podophyllum hexandrum
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/podophyllum-hexandrum.html
• Hippophae salicifolia
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/hippophae-salicifolia-d-don.html
• Traditional Treatment Using Herbal Medicine
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/discuss-traditional-treatment-using.html
• Extraction of Major Phytochemicals
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/discuss-on-overview-of-techniques-for.html
• Policies and Programmes for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/07/explain-major-policies-and-programs-for.html

Ecology, Genetics and Physiology

• The Survivorship Curve Guide
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2025/08/the-survivorship-curve-guide-easy-steps.html
• Type I, II and III Mortality Patterns
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2025/08/every-species-mortality-patterns.html
• Life Cycle of Malaria Explained
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2025/08/the-invisible-heist-malarias.html
• Frederick Griffith's Experiment
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/05/the-groundbreaking-frederick-griffith.html
• Homeostasis vs Hemostasis
  https://rulesofbiology.blogspot.com/2023/08/5-major-differences-between-homeostasis.html

Studying a topic that is not here? Email and I will write it — most posts on this blog exist because someone asked.

Note: always check your current official syllabus alongside these notes.

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Uses of medicinal plants

1. **Swertia Chirayita (Chiraito):**    - Used in traditional medicine for treating fever, malaria, and digestive disorders.    - Known for its bitter taste and used as a tonic to improve appetite and digestion.    - Used as a remedy for liver and gallbladder-related issues.    - Employed in Ayurvedic medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties.    - Used to promote overall well-being and boost the immune system. 2. **Xanthoxylum armatum (Timur):**    - Utilized as a spice in cooking due to its peppery and citrusy flavor.    - Used in traditional medicine for its digestive and carminative properties.    - Used to make aromatic oils and perfumes.    - The dried fruits are used as a natural insect repellent.    - The seeds are used as a spice in pickling and preserving food. 3. **Asparagus roce mosus (Kurilo):**    - Used in traditional medicine for its aphrodisiac and diuretic ...
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5 Major Differences between Homeostasis and Hemostasis

Certainly! Here's the updated table with disorders that can affect homeostasis and hemostasis: ```html Homeostasis vs Hemostasis Homeostasis vs Hemostasis Aspect Homeostasis Hemostasis Definition and Purpose The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. Involves balancing temperature, pH, electrolyte levels, etc. to support cellular function and organ health. The process of controlling bleeding or stopping blood flow after an injury. Involves vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and blood clotting to prevent excessive blood loss and promote wound healing. Scope and Applicability Applies to the entire body. Aims to maintain overall internal balance and stability. Specific to the circulatory system. Activated only in response to vascular injury or trauma. Regulation Mechanisms Primarily regulated by the nervou...
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Cordyceps sinensis

Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. Sphaeria sinensis Berk. Family : Clavicipitaceae. Vernacular names : Yar tsa gun bu (Am); Bu (Km); Buti (Dn); Yarsagumba, Jivanbuti (Np). Common names : Caterpillar fungus. Habitat & distribution : Alpine meadows; 4500- 5200 m, WCE Nepal. Distributed in the Himalaya, China. Locally found throughout the high alpine areas such as Dokpa, Jagdulla, Kagmara, Pungmo, Ringmo, Majphal, Numla, Bagala, Dho, Bijer, Saldang. Diagnostic characters : Club-shaped parasitic fungus; later becomes saprophytic on insect larva after its death. It comes out of the anterior end of the larva of the caterpillar (swiftmoth) during the monsoon. Fructification dark-brown and stalk yellowish-white, 5-8 cm long. Occurrence : Common. Season of fructification: May-Jun. Parts used : Fungus & insect larva. Taste/Potency : Sweet (ngar)/Oily (num) & warm (dro). Use : Tonic and aphrodisiac. Also used as tonic for yak and sheep. Toxicity : Non-toxic. Mode of use : Taken orally ...
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